Week length abroad
In China, they work 60 hours a week, and in Japan – 50.
The countries with the shortest working days weeks are Holland with 30 hours and Finland with 33 hours.
The existing norms in the Russian Federation are required to study both employees and business owners.
The first is necessary in order to know and be able to protect their rights in a dispute with employers, and the second – to understand all the responsibility for violating laws.
Therefore, study thoroughly those laws that relate to the scope of your activity and feel confident in any situation. And it does not matter who you are – an entrepreneur or an employee. As they say, he who is forewarned is forearmed!
In the pre-revolutionary period in Russia, the working hours were not regulated in any way and were established by the owner of the enterprise or the owner of the farm.
Often people were forced to work hard for 14-16 hours a day without a single day off.
At the end of the 19th century, the working class insisted on passing laws and time was limited to 11.5 hours, with a six-day week.
This value changed several times and under the Soviet Union was equal to 48, 42, 41 and 40 hours a week.
And what do we have today and how long does the owner of an enterprise or company have the right to demand to work from his subordinate? Every person who receives income from wage labor should know their rights, and in this article we will consider the main provisions on the length of the working week.
Norms of time
What determines the norms of working hours in the Russian Federation? At the moment, there are such basic norms as the work week and shift.
The duration of the shift can be completely different, and it is set by the management of a particular enterprise. The norms of the working week are prescribed in the Labor Code and cannot be changed.
Maximum
As stated in Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the norm for the length of the working week is 40 hours.
And it does not matter how many days a week the employee works.
This norm is common for permanent, temporary and seasonal workers.
Therefore, the 40-hour week is both normal and the maximum duration of work.
At most enterprises in the country, it is customary to work five days with two days off. A six-day week is established if the specifics of the activity require it. For example, in the public transport and trade industry, it would be advisable to work six days a week, rather than five.
The duration of the working shift is 8 hours with five days a week and 7 hours with six. The day before the weekend in this case is considered shortened and lasts 5 hours.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation Article 91. The concept of working time. Normal working hours Working time is the time during which the employee, in accordance with the internal labor regulations and the terms of the employment contract, must perform labor duties, as well as other periods of time that, in accordance with this Code, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation refer to working time.
Normal working hours may not exceed 40 hours per week.
The procedure for calculating the norm of working time for certain calendar periods (month, quarter, year), depending on the established length of working time per week, is determined by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of labor.
The employer is obliged to keep records of the time actually worked by each employee.
Duration for juveniles
For persons under the age of 18, the law defines the following rules:
- until the age of 16, according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is forbidden to exploit an employee for more than 24 hours a week;
- if the employee is between 16 and 18 years old, then the maximum length of the week is 35 hours;
- in the event that a minor studies in a general education institution, then the maximum duration of his work should not exceed 17 hours.
Harmful and special working conditions
The employer is obliged to adhere to the Labor Code and has no right to violate it.
If his enterprise employs a category of employees who are subject to the rules of special conditions, then by law he cannot force them to work longer than the allotted time.
So:
- for employees employed in industries with dangerous and harmful working conditions, the working week cannot last longer than 36 hours;
- for persons in contact with hazardous chemicals or weapons, the law establishes a work rate equal to 24 hours;
- disabled people of the 1st or 2nd group also cannot work longer than 35 hours;
- medical and pedagogical workers by law work 39 and 36 hours a week;
- some professions, such as foundry or woodworking specialists, workers in machine-building enterprises and workshops, are entitled to a reduced working day and additional leave.
Week length abroad
Around the world, the duration of work is different.
In many countries it is 40 hours, just like in Russia.
In China, they work 60 hours a week, and in Japan – 50.
The countries with the shortest working weeks are Holland with 30 hours and Finland with 33 hours.
The existing norms in the Russian Federation are required to study both employees and business owners.
The first is necessary in order to know and be able to protect their rights in a dispute with employers, and the second – to understand all the responsibility for violating laws.
Therefore, study thoroughly those laws that relate to the scope of your activity and feel confident in any situation. And it does not matter who you are – an entrepreneur or an employee. As they say, he who is forewarned is forearmed!
How many hours is a full work day? Employees are interested in how many hours a week a person should work in order to receive a full salary. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation introduces the concept: the labor norm is 40 hours a week.
Anything higher is considered an overload, anything less is considered a shortened or part-time day. There is also an employment option, when the working day is divided into parts. In each case, there will be a separate procedure for remuneration, and such employment will have to be processed according to a special procedure.
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What are the employment standards?
So, how many hours per week can you work? As we have already said, the norm is a 40-hour work week, or an 8-hour work day. It is this time period that is considered complete according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
It is necessary to work with lunch breaks (at least an hour) and annual leave. In some cases, additional leave and time for feeding may be provided (for workers with children).
It should be said that not all employees are busy with 40 hours a week. For example, there are preferential conditions for minors and disabled people. They are entitled to a reduced working day from 2.5 to 7 hours.
Part-time is also provided for:
- pregnant women;
- parents of children under 14;
- fathers and mothers of disabled persons under 18 years of age.
If everything is simple with minors – their age is determined by the passport, then the disabled are required to officially recognize their status by a special medical and social examination, i.e. registration of a disability group.
A week for such employees cannot exceed 35 working hours if they are assigned groups I and II. The duration of the daily loading for them will be dictated by the medical report and the individual rehabilitation program. At the same time, payment is kept in full, i.е. salary is paid as for full time work. For group III, a standard 40-hour week is provided.
A pregnant woman also needs to work less hours. However, such a reduction in the load is possible only at her request. In other words, if she is satisfied with the previous number of working hours, then no one has the right to reduce them. Usually, employees who are expecting a child have their day reduced by an hour, or they are given additional rest in the form of a day off. The timing of pregnancy does not matter, however, the very fact of expecting a child must be confirmed by a medical certificate.
As you can see, employment rates can vary from 2.5 to 8 hours a day, depending on the employee (belongs to a privileged category or regular), and sometimes an agreement with the employer. Shortened days
The norm of 8 hours a day is often not respected. For example, the working day on the eve of holidays is reduced by an hour. In addition, there is a whole category of specialists in various fields whose number of working hours per month does not exceed 35 or 36 (this time is set for those who are engaged in hazardous work). It also happens that an employee applies to the employer and, referring to good reasons (health problems, personal), asks to reduce the daily workload.
It is also possible that the employer himself changes the employment rate in connection with the reorganization of the company, financial difficulties. How much will be reduced full time in the Labor Code is not specified. These are personal agreements between management and staff, but employment must be less than the norm, therefore, 1973 hours per year.
The main feature of such a schedule is its temporality. Part-time employees work not all year round, but a month (maximum six months), until the disappearance of the problems that provoked such changes, for example. Part-time employment does not affect the provision of vacation, the payment of bonuses, allowances.
The transition to a similar schedule is formalized by the relevant order of the management and an additional agreement to the employment contract. If we are talking about granting a reduced day to beneficiaries, then their application to this effect is also mandatory. In this case, part-time work does not affect pay. Moreover, those employed in hazardous production are also provided with an allowance of at least 4% of the salary. All other employees are paid in proportion to the hours worked.
Discontinuity chart
The division of the working day into parts occurs by agreement with the authorities in order to reduce the intensive workload and provide an opportunity for rest. With such a schedule, the duration of work does not exceed the established norm, i.e. in fact, this is a full day of work, which is simply broken down into time periods.
Between them, a time is set for rest (usually a little more than 2 hours) or even several breaks. From the beginning of work to the time of rest must pass at least 4 hours. If we are talking about shift work, then there must also be a gap of at least 12 hours between shifts. It is also required to notify employees of such a schedule at least one month in advance.
A worker with breaks must have an addendum to the contract or a full agreement if the person is just hired. Break up the working day often taking into account the opinion of the trade union.
The contract must include:
- the timing of the introduction of the new schedule;
- the duration of the parts (before lunch and after it);
- the procedure for paying additional payments for such gaps.
The division of the working day into parts is made out by orders of the company. Usually, the work rate is distributed with one break for lunch and rest, lasting no more than two hours. If the day is divided into parts, then this rule can not be followed. Gaps are actively practiced in the field of transport, at communication facilities and in many other enterprises. Such work is paid at an increased rate.
Pay for overtime and standard hours
There are situations when it is necessary to stay at work in order to finish it or to replace an employee who has not come to work. A processed day in this way may be not 8, but, for example, 10 hours. The employer is obliged to warn the employee in advance that he will have to stay. If he decides to refuse such a load, then the authorities have the right to force him only in case of emergency (fire, hostilities, serious industrial accidents).
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You need to pay for such employment 1.5-2 times higher than usual. There is also a whole category of employees who cannot stay to work after the 8-hour day. These include minors and women who are expecting a child. Only with the consent of the disabled is it allowed to involve them in such loads.
How is overtime paid for shift work? The same as the usual one, but the payment for overtime hours is based on the hourly rate of the employee. An order for processing processing is not required, but in most companies it is still issued. An employer who is obliged to keep records of working hours must not allow employees to work more than 2 hours in excess of the norm for several days in a row.
Full-time work is paid in full according to the approved tariff for each employee. Personnel have the right to count on mandatory rest in the form of annual leave. Earnings are determined according to the staffing table, on the basis of technical regulation, time standards, output and other factors.
Full time pay includes:
- the salary;
- awards and promotions;
- additional payments and allowances, including for overtime work;
- compensation payments (if required by law).
The employer is obliged to pay for the work within the terms specified in the employment contract. Depending on the practice of the company, a piecework or piecework payment system, compensation for hours worked and other payment options may be established. If you have a full working day, it is easiest to calculate the due amounts. It is much more difficult to pay for work with a flexible, free schedule, when the accounting of working time is not so simple and obvious.
Many complain that they spend their whole lives at work. But we don’t even work 10 hours a day like the people of China
Which countries have the shortest working week? Photo: Pinterest
Today, many countries celebrate Labor Day. The editors of PaySpace Magazine decided to find out how much it is customary to work in different states. Thus, the usual 40 hours a week for Ukrainians will seem like overwork to the French. And they will cause envy among the inhabitants of Japan, who work six days a week and leave work after 21:00.
Hardworking Europe?
According to official data, the average number of working hours per week in the European Union is 37. In the Eurozone, this figure is slightly lower – 36.5 hours in 7 days. But this figure varies from country to country. So, in the fourth quarter of 2018, the Dutch worked only 30 hours a week, while the Greeks worked more than 40.
How many hours a week do residents of European countries work:
The working week in Spain and France is 37 hours long. However, in fact, employees spend more time at the workplace. In the 90s of the last century, the introduction of a 35-hour week in France caused an uproar. Recently, the government has returned to the issue of increasing the number of working hours, followed by a series of strikes and demonstrations.
Residents of Denmark work 33 hours a week. This is one of the lowest rates in Europe. But at the same time, a Dane earns about 37 euros per hour, which is 30% more than the average for the European Union.
Germans around the world are considered workaholics. But the working week in Germany lasts about 35 hours. At the same time, among German companies, the practice of reducing the length of the working day in the event of financial problems, instead of dismissing employees, is common.
The most hardworking in Europe, as it turned out, are workers in Poland, Greece and the Czech Republic. Their working weeks are 40 hours long.
Hardworking Asia!
In Asia, people work much harder. The average working day in China is 10 hours, with six working days. The result is 60 working hours per week. For lunch, the Chinese are given 20 minutes, for vacation – 10 days a year. Recently, Jack Ma said that even more time should be spent at work – about 12 hours a day, six days a week. He believes that this is the only way to succeed.
workers in China. Photo taken from Twitter
In Japan, a standard work contract provides for about 40 hours per week. However, we have all heard about the importance of career advancement for the Japanese. And this often depends on the amount of time that a person spends at his workplace. Purposeful residents of Japan often linger in the evenings at the office and come there on Saturday. In this country, no one is surprised that people work from 9:00 to 21:00.
Thailand and India also have a six-day period, with most workers working up to 48 hours a week. In government institutions, as well as in the offices of Western companies, there is a 40-hour work week.
How optimal?
A few years ago, in an interview with one of the richest people on the planet, Mexican tycoon Carlos Slim, said that people should work no more than 3 days a week. However, at the same time, the working day should last 11 hours, and people should retire at 70 or even later.
Carlos Slim believes that it would be optimal to work 3 days a week, but at the same time 11 hours a day. Photo: siapress.ru
There are also many supporters of the 4-day work week. Such a schedule would be most convenient for the baby boomer generation (born between 1946 and 1964), experts say. So they can take better care of their grandchildren.
There are those who support the idea of a 21-hour work week. According to them, this approach will solve a number of problems: unemployment, overconsumption, high carbon emissions and even inequality. A report from the British New Economics Foundation says that a shorter work week will break the vicious circle of modern life, when everyone lives to work, work to earn, and earn to consume more.
How long do you think a work week should be? Share in the comments!
